libum Latin · revision 32134

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₂le/oibʰ-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈliː.bũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈliː.bum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lībum''' ''n'' (genitive lībī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Nigidius has a masculine ''lībus'' (accusative plural ''lībos'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*leifo-|t=sacrificial cake]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂le/oibʰ-o-]], from a root meaning grease for anointing; it may equally go back to [[m|itc-pro|*loifo-]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan, after Steinbauer, takes [[m|la|lībō|t=to pour a libation]] to be a verb made from this noun, “to make a sacrificial cake”, and connects [[m|la|dēlibūtus|t=smeared]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ἀλείφω|tr=aleíphō|t=to anoint]] and [[m|grc|ἄλειφαρ|tr=áleiphar|t=unguent]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The ancients had other ideas: Varro derived it from [[m|la|lībō]], Ovid from Liber, the god of wine, and Isidore from [[m|la|libet|t=it pleases]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Ennius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a kind of cake, usually used in sacrifices;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cato gives a recipe for one, and Lewis & Short describe it as a cake of meal made with milk or oil and spread with honey.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil has cakes of spelt placed under the food on the grass, Ovid rustic cakes, and Juvenal a house full of cakes for sale.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary notes that such cakes were offered especially on birthdays.^(Wiktionary) Church Latin glosses it offering, cake offering.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato gives a recipe for it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of cakes of spelt.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of rustic cakes, and his derivation from Liber.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|cake]] of meal with milk or oil and honey, used especially in sacrificial [[m|en|offering|alt=offerings]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lībācunculus]]

+ * [[lībārius]]

+ * [[lībus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[libo|alt=lībō]]

+ * [[delibutus|alt=dēlibūtus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}