hilaritas Latin · revision 32130

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=grc ἱλαρός}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [hɪˈɫa.rɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iˈlaː.ri.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hilaritās''' ''f'' (genitive hilaritātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled with ⟨il-⟩ and ⟨(h)el-⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|hilarus|-tās|t1=cheerful]], from the adjective also found as [[m|la|hilaris]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The adjective is [[bor|grc|ἱλαρός|tr=hilarós|t=cheerful, merry]], from [[m|grc|ἵλαος|tr=hílaos|t=propitious, gracious]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'',^(Köbler 2010) which speaks of the cheerfulness or sadness of the face.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means cheerfulness, light-heartedness or gaiety, and also its expression in the face: Cicero says that the eyes show the feelings of the mind by their liveliness, and Quintilian that relaxed eyebrows show cheerfulness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In a letter Cicero writes that he has lost for ever the cheerfulness with which he used to season the sadness of the times.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Fronto uses it as a term of affection: “farewell, my joy, my security, my cheer, my glory”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein notes that ''[[gaudeo|alt=gaudēre]]'' is joy as an inward state, while ''[[laetor|alt=laetārī]]'' and being ''[[hilaris]]'' are the outward expression of joy.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it cheerfulness, hilarity.^(Stelten 1995) English borrowed ''hilarity'' in the mid-15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' of a cheerful face.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of lost cheerfulness.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian of cheerful eyebrows.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 100–170 AD – Fronto as a term of affection.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|hilarity]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|cheerfulness|alt=Cheerfulness]], light-heartedness, [[m|en|gaiety]], merriment.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Cheerfulness of expression.^(OLD 2012)

+ # As a term of affection, “my joy”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hilaris]]

+ * [[en|hilarity]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}