beyond English · revision 3212

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 885, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /biˈɒnd/, US /biˈɑːnd/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|biyonde]],^(AHD 2000)^(Barnhart 1988) [[inh|ang|begeondan|t=on the other side of, from the farther side]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) [[af|ang|be-|geondan|t1=by|t2=from the farther side]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(AHD 2000) from [[m|ang|geond|t=yonder]], with the suffix -an “from”,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) from Germanic *jand-.^(Hoad 1986) It is a compound not found elsewhere in Germanic.^(Etymonline) It is related to [[yond]] and [[yonder]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old English begeondan is recorded probably about 885, in the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'';^(Barnhart 1988) the form beionde is from 1154 and biyond from before 1325, in ''Cursor Mundi''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Beyond seas'', “out of the country”, is Old English.^(OED 1989) “Further on than” is from the late 14th century (1382),^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and “out of reach of” from the 1530s.^(Etymonline) ''To be beyond someone'', “to pass their understanding”, is by 1812.^(Etymonline) The noun, ''the beyond'', the unknown or the world after death, is a later use.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002) In Irish and Scots dialect the word is pronounced beyant or beyont.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 885 – Old English begeondan.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1154 – the form beionde.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1382 – further on than.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1530s – out of reach of.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1812 – ''beyond someone'', past their understanding.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # On or to the far side of.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # Later than; past: ''beyond midnight''.^(AHD)

+ # Out of the reach or scope of: ''beyond belief''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # More than; [[exceed|alt=exceeding]].^(AHD)

+ # Apart from; besides.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Farther away; further on.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(the beyond)'' The unknown, or the life after [[death]].^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[beyondness]]

+ * [[back of beyond]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[yond]]

+ * [[yonder]]

+ * [[by]]

+ * [[hereafter]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}