defodio Latin · revision 32118

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰodʰ-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈfɔ.di.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈfɔː.di.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēfodiō''' (present infinitive dēfodere, perfect active dēfōdī, supine dēfossum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dē-|fodiō|t1=down|t2=to dig]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|fodiō]] to [[itc-pro|*foþ-i-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰodʰ-i-|t=to poke, dig]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[hit|padda-|t=to dig]] and [[lt|bèsti|t=to stick, drive in, dig]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL dates it from Plautus,^(TLL) who in the ''Aulularia'' has a man bury his treasure in the middle of the hearth, and in the ''Mostellaria'' a ghost say he was buried unburied in the house.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that the sense to bury is the more frequent and quite classical, the sense to dig downward rarer.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It means to put underground, bury, and so to embed something in the ground, as Vitruvius' stakes, or to plant, as Lucretius' young shoots.^(OLD 2012) It also means to make by digging, as Virgil's dug-out caves, or to excavate the ground;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Horace has the miser burying his silver in a dug-out hole.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Seneca the neuter participle is an underground chamber.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of burying treasure and a murdered guest.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of planting shoots.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of dug-out caves.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius of stakes set in the ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put underground, [[m|en|bury]]; to dig manure into the soil.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To fix in the ground, embed; to [[m|en|plant]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make by digging; to [[m|en|excavate]]; as a noun, the neuter participle is an underground chamber.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To hide, conceal.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[defossus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[affodiō]]

+ * [[circumfodiō]]

+ * [[confodiō]]

+ * [[effodiō]]

+ * [[fodiō]]

+ * [[infodiō]]

+ * [[interfodiō]]

+ * [[perfodiō]]

+ * [[praefodiō]]

+ * [[suffodiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}