patro Latin · revision 32113

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ph₂tḗr}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpa.troː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpaː.tro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''patrō''' (present infinitive patrāre, perfect active patrāvī, supine patrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is perhaps [[der|la|pater|t=father]], as the Romans, among them Priscian, and the OLD and some modern scholars hold, with the verbal suffix [[m|la|-ō]], perhaps through [[m|la|patrātus|alt=pater patrātus]], the title of the priest who swore treaties; [[m|la|pater]] goes back to [[ine-pro|*ph₂tḗr|t=father]].^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Lewis & Short suggested instead the root of [[m|la|pateō|t=to be open]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL dates it from Plautus, and records it in Cato, the triumphal inscription of Aemilius, Cicero, Lucretius, Sallust and Livy; it is commoner in the historians.^(TLL) Cato uses it of finishing the sowing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to carry through, bring to completion or accomplish: Sallust uses it of bringing a war to an end and of committing a crime, Livy of concluding a peace and of the oath sworn by the ''pater patratus'' at a treaty, and Tacitus of executing orders and of a victory won.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that Cicero rarely uses it and Caesar not at all.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Manuscripts often confuse it with [[paro|alt=parō]].^(TLL)

+

+ It also had an obscene sense, to reach a sexual climax, to which Quintilian alludes;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Persius speaks of someone “melting with a lustful eye”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Glossaries explain it with [[m|la|generō|t=to beget]] and [[m|la|perficiō|t=to complete]].^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it to perform, achieve, accomplish, effect.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of finishing the sowing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of ending a war and committing a crime.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of concluding a peace and swearing a treaty oath.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 34–62 AD – Persius in the sexual sense.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To carry through, bring to completion, [[m|en|accomplish]], [[m|en|execute]]; to conclude a war or a peace; to commit a crime.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''iūsiūrandum patrāre'': to pronounce the oath at the making of a treaty.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To reach a sexual climax, [[m|en|ejaculate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[expatrō]]

+ * [[impetriō]]

+ * [[impetrō]]

+ * [[patrātiō]]

+ * [[patrātor]]

+ * [[perpetrō]]

+ * [[prōpetrō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pater]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}