praetorianus Latin · revision 32102

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=23/24–79 AD, Pliny the Elder|origins=ine-pro *h₁ei-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prae̯.toː.riˈaː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [pre.to.riˈaː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praetōriānus''' (feminine praetōriāna, neuter praetōriānum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Documents and inscriptions also spell it ''pretorianus''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|praetōrium|-ānus|t1=general's tent; headquarters]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) Wiktionary derives it from [[m|la|praetor]] with [[m|la|-iānus]], and Lewis & Short have a second entry from [[m|la|praetor]] for the sense of the praetor.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan derives [[m|la|praetor]] from [[m|la|*prai-itōr]], “one who goes before”, from [[m|la|prae|t=before]] and [[m|la|eō|t=to go]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*ei-|t=to go]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁ei-|t=to go]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and Lewis & Short date it from Pliny the Elder, of the praetorian soldiers,^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Tacitus uses it often.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means belonging to the praetorian cohorts, the emperor's bodyguard, and as a noun a soldier of those cohorts; the plural ''praetōriānī'' are the praetorian guard.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Suetonius speaks of the praetorian army, and the epitome of Aurelius Victor of the praetorian prefecture.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In later law and in Augustine it also means belonging to the praetor, as a praetorian guardian in Ulpian and the fees of a praetor's court.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of praetorian soldiers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of the praetorian guards.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius of the praetorian army.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine of fees of the praetor's court.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of or belonging to the [[m|en|praetorian]] cohorts, the emperor's [[m|en|bodyguard]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Of or belonging to the [[m|en|praetor]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A soldier of the praetorian cohorts; in the plural, the praetorian guard.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[praetorium|alt=praetōrium]]

+ * [[praetor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}