citerior Latin · revision 32101

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *ḱi}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''citerior''' (neuter citerius, genitive citeriōris); comparative, third declension; superlative ''citimus''^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a comparative, [[der|la|citer|t=on this side, nearer]], which is itself formed on [[m|la|cis|t=on this side of]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan says that the older series was ⟨cis⟩, ⟨citer⟩, ⟨citimus⟩, and that ⟨citerior⟩ is a more recent remake of ⟨citer⟩; he traces the base to [[itc-pro|*ki|t=here, by]] and [[ine-pro|*ḱi|t=this here]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|çimu|t=back]], [[hit|ki-|t=this]] and [[lt|šìs|t=this]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL calls it a prose word, found from Varro and Cicero on;^(TLL) Varro has it of Hither Spain in his work on farming.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means the nearer of two, the nearer part, and is used in the names of the provinces ''Hispānia citerior'' and ''Gallia citerior'', Hither Spain and Hither Gaul, as in Cicero's report that Sextus Pompeius had fled into Hither Spain.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) In time it means sooner or earlier, and of events nearer to the present, later; it also means more immediate or urgent, closer to one's own experience, as Cicero's “these things nearer home”, and lesser in degree, as in a declamation attributed to Quintilian, “the punishment is less than the crime”.^(OLD 2012) The TLL notes that Seneca the Elder, Curtius, Columella and Petronius do not use it.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of Hither Spain.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the provinces and of matters nearer home.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius of the nearer part of a curve.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of the peoples of Hither Spain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Nearer, on this side; the nearer part of.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # In names of provinces, Hither: ''Hispānia citerior'', ''Gallia citerior''; of Hither Spain.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ # Sooner, earlier; nearer to the present, later; more immediate, more [[m|en|urgent]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Closer to one's own experience, nearer home.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Lesser in degree.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cis]]

+ * [[citra|alt=citrā]]

+ * [[citimus]]

+ * [[ulterior]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}