impudenter Latin · revision 32100

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=itc-pro *pudē-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''impudenter''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''inpudenter'' is also found.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|impudēns|-ter|t1=shameless]], the adverb of the adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) That adjective is formed with the negative prefix [[m|la|in-]] on [[m|la|pudēns|t=modest]], from [[m|la|pudeō|t=to be ashamed]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan traces [[m|la|pudeō]] to [[itc-pro|*pudē-|t=to be ashamed or shy]], whose further origin is unclear: a connection with [[m|la|paviō|t=to strike]], with a root [[ine-pro|*speud-|t=to press, hurry]], or with [[m|la|paveō|t=to be frightened]] has been proposed.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL and Köbler date it from Cicero,^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of acting without any sense of shame, brazenly.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means shamelessly or impudently, and the TLL notes that the comparative and superlative are common from Cicero on.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) A narrower sense is immodestly or indelicately, of speech: in a letter on obscene words Cicero quotes a philosopher who called one verb used “impudently” and another “more impudently still”, and replies that neither is obscene.^(OLD 2012) Ancient glossaries explain it with [[m|la|petulanter|t=wantonly]] and [[m|la|importūnē|t=unseasonably]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of shameless conduct, and of indelicate words in a letter.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Without a sense of [[m|en|shame]], [[m|en|brazenly]], [[m|en|impudently]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Immodestly, [[m|en|indelicately]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[impudens]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}