recumbo Latin · revision 32098

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=itc-pro *kumbe/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛˈkʊm.boː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [reˈkum.bo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''recumbō''' (present infinitive recumbere, perfect active recubuī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''recunbo'' occurs in a manuscript of the Old Latin Gospels and in inscriptions.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|re-|-cumbō|t1=back|t2=to lie down]], a compound of a nasal present not found on its own, beside [[m|la|cubō|t=to lie]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan traces [[m|la|-cumbō]] to [[itc-pro|*kumbe/o-|t=to lie down]]; because of its /b/ and its restriction to Italic and Celtic, a PIE origin of the root is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xfa|cupat|t=lies]] and [[wlm|kyscu|t=to sleep]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius,^(de Vaan 2008) who in the ''Annals'' uses it of rowers leaning back as they pull: “lean back now and drive the oars with your breasts”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense is to lie down or recline, as Cicero speaks of someone lying down on the grass, and poets use it of places lying low.^(OLD 2012) It is used of lying down to sleep or going back to bed, of sinking into unconsciousness in Lucretius, and of the sea sinking to rest, as in Horace's “the threatening wave sinks back on the sea”.^(OLD 2012) It also means to recline at table, and to take one's place at table again, as in Suetonius.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Of things it means to sink or fall back and settle, as the little bridge in Catullus that is not to sink into the hollow marsh, and figuratively to fall or devolve on someone, as in Virgil, where the whole house leans on Turnus.^(OLD 2012) In Church Latin it is used of reclining at table, eating and dining with someone.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of rowers leaning back.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of sinking into unconsciousness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of lying down, going back to bed and reclining at dinner.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a responsibility resting on a person.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius of taking one's place at table again.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To lie down, [[m|en|recline]], lie at rest; of places, to lie low.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To lie or lean back, as in rowing.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To lie down to sleep; to lie down again, go back to bed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To sink into unconsciousness; of the sea, to sink to rest, become [[m|en|calm]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To recline at table; to resume one's place at table.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of things, to sink or fall back, [[m|en|settle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To fall or [[m|en|devolve]] on someone, as a responsibility.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[recubitus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cubo|alt=cubō]]

+ * [[accumbo|alt=accumbō]]

+ * [[incumbo|alt=incumbō]]

+ * [[procumbo|alt=prōcumbō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}