hio Latin · revision 32092

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰh₁i-eh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈhi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈiː.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hiō''' (present infinitive hiāre, perfect active hiāvī, supine hiātum); first conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*χi-ā-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ǵʰh₁i-eh₂-|t=to gape, be wide open]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan compares the formation of [[lt|žióti|t=to open the mouth]], and suggests that the root may be an old i-present of [[m|ine-pro|*ǵʰeh₁-|t=to leave, allow]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|χαίνω|tr=khaínō|t=to yawn, gape]], [[non|gína|t=to yap, yawn]] and [[goh|ginēn|t=to be wide open]], and perhaps with [[xum|ehiato]], a verb of uncertain meaning.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who in the ''Mercator'' speaks of gaping eyes.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its basic sense is to be wide open or gape, of the eyes, the earth or the jaws, and so to have the mouth wide open, as Varro writes “I see them gaping, but I don't hear them laughing”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it means to gape after something greedily, as Lucretius' ever-gaping thirst for life, to be open-mouthed with wonder, as Virgil's man carried away by applause, and to yawn with languor.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Cicero uses it as a term of grammar and style, of vowels meeting in hiatus and of disjointed, gaping sentences.^(OLD 2012) With an object it means to make the motions of uttering or to sing out, as Propertius' marble statue seems to sing a song on a silent lyre.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of gaping eyes.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of open mouths.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of greed that gapes for life.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of hiatus and disjointed style.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a man open-mouthed at applause.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius of a statue uttering a song.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be wide open, [[m|en|gape]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To have the mouth wide open, [[m|en|yawn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To gape after, be greedy for.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be open-mouthed with astonishment or admiration.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To yawn with languor.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(grammar)'' To form or be in [[m|en|hiatus]]; of style, to be disjointed.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With an object, to make the motions of uttering; to utter, sing out.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hiāscō]]

+ * [[hiātiō]]

+ * [[hiātus]]

+ * [[hīscō]]

+ * [[hiulcus]]

+ * [[inhiō]]

+ * [[interhio]]

+ * [[sēmihiāns]]

+ * [[hiantia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}