commutatio Latin · revision 32090

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=itc-pro *moito-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔm.muːˈtaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kom.muˈtat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''commūtātiō''' ''f'' (genitive commūtātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ One manuscript of the Old Latin Gospels has the spelling ''commotatio''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|commūtō|-tiō|t1=to change, exchange]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The verb is [[m|la|com-]] with [[m|la|mūtō|t=to change]], which de Vaan, like [[m|la|mūtuus|t=borrowed, mutual]], derives from a nominal stem [[itc-pro|*moito-|t=object of exchange]]; its PIE source is either a root [[ine-pro|*mith₂-|t=to exchange]] or a different root seen in [[m|la|mūnus|t=duty, gift]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Accius,^(de Vaan 2008) in whose historical play an omen “foretold a change of things”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a change in general: a physical change or turning, as Cicero speaks of the changes of the tides in a strait, a change of arrangement or of grammatical form, and a progressive alteration.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Most often it is a change or reversal of circumstances, an upheaval, with ''rerum'' or ''temporum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In rhetoric the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it for the figure that reverses an expression: “one must eat to live, not live to eat”.^(OLD 2012) It also means an exchange or substitution, as of prisoners in Florus.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Church Latin it means change, exchange, barter or sale.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval Latin it is a contract of exchange, the charter recording one, or property acquired by exchange.^(Niermeyer 1976) English borrowed ''commutation'' through Old French in the mid-15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of a change of fortune.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the changes of the tides.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 120 AD – Florus of an exchange of prisoners.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|commutation]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A physical change, reversal, turning; a change of arrangement, form or style.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A progressive [[m|en|alteration]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A change, reversal or [[m|en|upheaval]] in circumstances.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' The reversal of an expression.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An [[m|en|exchange]], substitution; an interchange.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A contract of exchange; the charter recording it; property acquired by exchange.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[muto|alt=mūtō]]

+ * [[mutatio|alt=mūtātiō]]

+ * [[en|commutation]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}