indignatio Latin · revision 32088

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *deḱ-no-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''indignātiō''' ''f'' (genitive indignātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|indignor|-tiō|t1=to regard as unworthy, resent]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) That verb is from [[m|la|indignus|t=unworthy]], [[m|la|in-]] with [[m|la|dignus|t=worthy]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces [[m|la|dignus]] to [[itc-pro|*dek-no-|t=worthy]] and [[ine-pro|*deḱ-no-]], beside [[m|la|decet|t=it is fitting]]; cognate words include [[grc|δέχομαι|tr=dékhomai|t=to take, accept]] and [[sga|dech|t=best]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero;^(Köbler 2010) its first example in the OLD is in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', where a figure of speech can stir either indignation or pity.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means anger roused by a sense of wrong, indignation or resentment, and also an expression of it, an angry outburst; in rhetoric a speech or passage meant to rouse indignation.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy speaks of public indignations over the loss of the tribunes' power.^(OLD 2012) Juvenal uses it for a cause of indignation, and Apuleius of the fury of the elements, as when rain beats the ground in hail.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein distinguishes it from ''[[ira]]'', anger as a passion that thirsts for revenge: ''indignatio'' is an aroused moral feeling that expresses disapproval or contempt.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it anger, indignation, disdain, and medieval Latin has it for disregard.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976) English borrowed ''indignation'' about 1200.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of public expressions of indignation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal of a cause for indignation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of the fury of the elements.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|indignation]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Anger roused by a sense of wrong, [[m|en|indignation]], [[m|en|resentment]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' A cause for indignation, [[m|en|annoyance]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # The fury of the elements.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An expression of indignation, an angry outburst;^(OLD 2012) ''(rhetoric)'' a speech meant to rouse indignation.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|disdain|alt=Disdain]], disregard.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[indignātiuncula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[indignor]]

+ * [[indignus]]

+ * [[dignus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}