intemperantia Latin · revision 32086

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *temp-os}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''intemperantia''' ''f'' (genitive intemperantiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Aurelius Victor has an ablative ''intemperantie'', from a fifth-declension ''intemperanties''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|intemperāns|-ia|t1=unrestrained]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The adjective is [[m|la|in-]] with [[m|la|temperāns|t=moderate]], the participle of [[m|la|temperō|t=to restrain, moderate]], which de Vaan derives from [[m|la|tempus|t=time]]; he traces that noun to [[itc-pro|*tempos-|t=stretch, measure]] and [[ine-pro|*temp-os|t=stretch]], and sees in [[m|la|temperō]] the shift from stretching to measuring.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who reports in the ''Tusculans'' that it is called the source of all disturbances of the mind;^(Lewis & Short 1879) the OLD's first examples are in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', of reckless, unrestrained behaviour.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a lack of self-control or restraint, extravagance or violence, and so incontinence or licentiousness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With a genitive it is immoderate indulgence in something, as Cicero's “intemperance of the passions”.^(OLD 2012) In a physical sense it means the inclemency of the weather or climate, as in Seneca and Columella, and Apuleius has it of an abnormal colour.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) In medieval Latin it means bad weather.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of intemperance as the source of the passions.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of the inclemency of the sky.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of an abnormal colour.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Lack of self-control, [[m|en|extravagance]], violence.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Incontinence, [[m|en|licentiousness]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Immoderate indulgence in something, [[m|en|intemperance]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Immoderateness of physical conditions; inclemency of weather.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Insolence, insubordination.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[intemperans]]

+ * [[temperantia]]

+ * [[tempero|alt=temperō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}