exanimis Latin · revision 32080

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *h₂enh₁-mo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈsa.nɪ.mɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eɡˈzaː.ni.mis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exanimis''' (neuter exanime); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ A second-declension ''exanimus'' is also used, mostly in the plural.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|anima|-is|t2=breath, life]], “without breath”.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|anima]] and [[m|la|animus]] to [[itc-pro|*anamo-|t=breath, spirit]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂enh₁-mo-|t=breath]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[osc|anamúm|t=breath, courage]], [[sga|anim|t=soul]] and [[grc|ἄνεμος|tr=ánemos|t=wind]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius,^(de Vaan 2008) who argues that nothing can be created that is not living or with a lifeless body.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means deprived of life, dead, as Virgil's ox that falls lifeless to the ground, and inanimate, as a lifeless object in the ear in Celsus.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is mostly post-Augustan and absent from Cicero and Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means half dead or unconscious, as Pliny's bathers carried out swooning, and breathless or exhausted.^(OLD 2012) By transfer it means faint with fear, petrified, as in Virgil's “she heard it, frightened out of her wits”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lactantius uses the neuter plural for lifeless things.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a lifeless body.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a dead ox and of one faint with fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of terror.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of bathers carried out unconscious.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Deprived of life, [[m|en|dead]]; inanimate, [[m|en|lifeless]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Half dead, [[m|en|unconscious]], swooning; breathless, exhausted.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Faint with fear, [[m|en|terrified]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[anima]]

+ * [[exanimo|alt=exanimō]]

+ * [[inanimus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}