grando Latin · revision 32072

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰreh₃d-ōn}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɡran.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɡran.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''grandō''' ''f'' (genitive grandinis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Varro uses it as a masculine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*grand-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ǵʰreh₃d-ōn|t=hail]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan explains the Latin form by metathesis in the oblique stem, of the kind seen in [[m|la|unda]], after which the paradigm was levelled; the Armenian word may point to a verbal root, probably without the /d/, which is often a root extension.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xcl|կարկուտ|tr=karkut|t=hail]] and [[cu|градъ|tr=gradŭ|t=hail]], and probably [[sa|ह्रादुनि|tr=hrādúni|t=hail]], though the Sanskrit word may instead belong to a verb meaning to resound.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Ancient grammarians had their own explanations: Isidore said it was named because hailstones look like grains, [[m|la|grānum]], and Priscian derived it from [[m|la|grandis|t=large]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in the ordinary sense of hail.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means hail, and in the plural hailstorms;^(OLD 2012) Cicero, Livy, Virgil and Horace use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) By transfer the poets apply it to volleys of missiles, as Statius' Tyrians attack from above “with stones and a hail of iron”.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary also gives the figurative sense of a great quantity.^(Wiktionary) Church Latin keeps hail and hailstorm.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of hail.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius has the verb [[grandinat|alt=grandinat]] “it hails”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of hail in the ''Georgics''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius of a hail of missiles.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|hail|alt=Hail]]; in the plural, [[m|en|hailstorm|alt=hailstorms]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' A [[m|en|volley]] of missiles.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A great quantity, a multitude.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[grandineus]]

+ * [[grandino]]

+ * [[grandinōsus]]

+ * [[grandinat]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}