iniungo Latin · revision 32068

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plancus and Decimus Brutus, in Cicero's letters|origins=ine-pro *(H)iunégti}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪnˈjʊŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [inˈjuŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iniungō''' (present infinitive iniungere, perfect active iniūnxī, supine iniūnctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''injungo'' is also used.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|iungō|t2=to join]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|iungō]] to [[itc-pro|*jung-e/o-]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*(H)iunégti|t=to yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|युनज्मि|tr=yunájmi|t=I yoke]], [[grc|ζεύγνυμι|tr=zeúgnumi|t=to yoke]] and [[lt|jùngti|t=to join, yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its earliest examples in the OLD are in a letter of Plancus and Decimus Brutus among Cicero's correspondence, of not imposing any loss on the state, and in Livy, of a wall joined on to the walls of Ardea.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense is to join on or fasten to something, as Livy's beams joined to rafters and his siege wall, and Palladius uses it of setting a tree into a trench.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Columella has it of pairing animals for breeding, and a papyrus of enrolling someone in a body.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to impose tasks, duties or punishments on someone, and in a good sense to bestow an honour, as in the ''Culex''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “impose, enjoin, inflict”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''enjoin'' (c. 1200), first of imposing a penance, came from it through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of joining walls and beams.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of pairing animals.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English [[m|en|enjoin]] through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To join on, fasten, attach; to pair animals; to enrol.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To impose a task, duty or punishment; to [[m|en|enjoin]], charge.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To bestow an honour.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iniūnctiō]]

+ * [[subiniungō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iungo|alt=iungō]]

+ * [[en|enjoin]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}