confodio Latin · revision 32066

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰodʰ-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kõːˈfɔ.di.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [koɱˈfɔː.di.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cōnfodiō''' (present infinitive cōnfodere, perfect active cōnfōdī, supine cōnfossum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|fodiō|t2=to dig]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|fodiō]] to [[itc-pro|*foþ-i-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰodʰ-i-|t=to poke, dig]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[hit|padda-i|t=to dig]], [[lt|bèsti|t=to stick, dig]] and [[lv|best|t=to dig, bury]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first example in the OLD is in Plautus, where a man says he ordered his garden to be dug.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is agricultural, to dig up or turn over land, to dig round a tree, to trench, as in Cato and Varro.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From this it means to stab fatally or run through, as in Sallust's plan to stab a man unprepared in his own house.^(OLD 2012) Livy uses it figuratively of men pierced and condemned in advance by so many verdicts.^(OLD 2012) The TLL notes that Cicero does not use it.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it “stab, pierce”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of digging a garden.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato the Elder of digging soil finely.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of stabbing a man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy figuratively, of men pierced by verdicts.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To dig up, turn over land; to dig round; to [[m|en|trench]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|stab]], run through, [[m|en|pierce]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To harm, damage.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cōnfossus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[affodiō]]

+ * [[circumfodiō]]

+ * [[dēfodiō]]

+ * [[effodiō]]

+ * [[fodiō]]

+ * [[īnfodiō]]

+ * [[interfodiō]]

+ * [[perfodiō]]

+ * [[praefodiō]]

+ * [[suffodiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}