probitas Latin · revision 32057

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=220–130 BC, Pacuvius|origins=ine-pro *pro-bʰh₂u-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈprɔ.bɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈprɔː.bi.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''probitās''' ''f'' (genitive probitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|probus|-tās|t1=good, upright]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The adjective [[m|la|probus]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*profwos|t=favourable]] and [[ine-pro|*pro-bʰh₂u-o-]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|prufe|t=correct]] and [[sa|प्रभु|tr=prabhú-|t=excellent]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Pacuvius,^(Köbler 2010) who urges people to preserve concord by honesty.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is moral integrity, uprightness or honesty, which Cicero names with virtue and integrity as what is looked for in a candidate.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ovid uses it of chastity, and Quintilian of a decorous modesty that is really weakness.^(OLD 2012) Columella applies it to things, the good quality of bread and drink.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In medieval texts it also means a chivalrous exploit.^(Niermeyer 1976) Church Latin glosses it “integrity, goodness”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius of honesty.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the qualities of a candidate.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of chastity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of the quality of bread.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|probity]], through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|honesty|alt=Honesty]], [[m|en|integrity]], [[m|en|probity]]; chastity; modesty.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of things, excellence, quality.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A chivalrous exploit, [[m|en|prowess]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[probus]]

+ * [[en|probity]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}