ingruo Latin · revision 32055

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *gʰrewh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɪŋ.ɡru.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈiŋ.ɡru.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ingruō''' (present infinitive ''ingruere'', perfect active ''ingruī''); third conjugation, no supine^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|-gruō]], a verb found only in compounds, as also in [[congruō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan traces ⟨-gruō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*xruwō]] and [[ine-pro|*gʰrewh₁-|t=to rush in]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ἔχραον|tr=ékhraon|t=attacked]] and [[lt|griū́ti|t=to crumble]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Lewis & Short still explain it as [[m|la|ruō|t=to rush]] with an inserted ⟨g⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Amphitruo'' has “the enemy fall in heaps, our men press on against them”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is used of armies advancing threateningly or making an onslaught, of natural forces bearing down, as Virgil's shade falling twice on the vines, and of unwelcome things such as disease falling on people, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012) It also means to threaten or impend, as Virgil's “the horror of arms comes on”.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says that it is to press on with threats, while [[irruō]] is to rush in rashly and [[irrumpō]] to force one's way in.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “assault”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of troops pressing on.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of shade and of the horror of arms.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of disease falling on country people.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # Of armies, to advance threateningly, make an onslaught, [[m|en|assail]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of forces or misfortunes, to fall upon; to [[m|en|threaten]], [[m|en|impend]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[congruo|alt=congruō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}