amputo Latin · revision 32054

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=la putō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈam.pʊ.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈam.pu.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''amputō''' (present infinitive amputāre, perfect active amputāvī, supine amputātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ambi-|putō|t2=to prune]];^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Festus, as epitomized by Paul the Deacon, explains ⟨amputata⟩ as “pruned around”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan takes [[m|la|putō]] from the adjective [[m|la|putus|t=clean, pure]]: it first meant to cut off unwanted branches, whence “to reckon, think”; the adjective goes back to [[itc-pro|*putos]] and [[ine-pro|*pHu-tó-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first example in the OLD is in Lucilius, of cutting off both testicles.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to cut off a limb, a branch or anything that projects, as in Horace's pruning of useless branches with a hook, and to prune or cut back a plant, as Cicero's vine that the farmer keeps in check with the knife.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is to prune away faults, as Cicero's young man in whom there is something to cut back, to take away or cut off, and to cut down a number or shorten a speech.^(OLD 2012) Seneca uses it of cutting bodies in pieces.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “cut off, amputate, take away, remove”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius of cutting off a limb.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of pruning vines and faults.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of pruning branches.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1630s – Its past participle gives English [[m|en|amputate]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To cut off, lop off; to [[m|en|amputate]] a limb.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|prune]], cut back a plant; to cut in pieces.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To remove, eradicate faults; to take away; to cut short, [[m|en|curtail]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[amputātiō]]

+ * [[sēmiamputātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[putō]]

+ * [[en|amputate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}