moderate Latin · revision 32050

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *med-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''moderātē''' (comparative ''moderātius'', superlative ''moderātissimē'')^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|moderātus|-ē|t1=restrained, moderate]], the adverb of the participle of [[m|la|moderor|t=to keep within bounds]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) That verb belongs with [[m|la|modus|t=measure]],^(Wiktionary) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*medo-|t=measure, judgement]] and [[ine-pro|*med-o-|t=measure]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|meřs|t=law]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who praises an act done “mercifully, mildly, justly, with restraint, wisely”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means with restraint or temperately, and ''moderate ferre'' is to bear something calmly, as in Cicero's men who could not bear their wealth with restraint.^(OLD 2012) It also means to a moderate degree, moderately or gently, as in Cicero and in Celsus' medical advice.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it “moderately”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of restrained conduct and of bearing wealth calmly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of moderate degree.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # With [[m|en|restraint]], [[m|en|temperately]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''moderate ferre'', to bear calmly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To a moderate extent, [[m|en|moderately]]; gently.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[moderatus|alt=moderātus]]

+ * [[moderor]]

+ * [[modus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}