effodio Latin · revision 32048

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰodʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛfˈfɔ.di.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [efˈfɔː.di.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''effodiō''' (present infinitive effodere, perfect active effōdī, supine effossum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''ecf-'' and ''exf-''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Plautus has the passive infinitive ''ecfodīrī''.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|fodiō|t2=to dig]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The verb [[m|la|fodiō]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*foþ-i-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰodʰ-i-|t=to poke, dig]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[hit|padda-|t=to dig]] and [[lt|bèsti|t=to stick, drive in, dig]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) whose miser in the ''Aulularia'' digs up a pot full of gold.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to dig up or out, as in Cicero's metals that would not be mined without human work.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus also uses it of gouging out the eyes, and Petronius of scoring out words with a harsh pen.^(OLD 2012) It is also to break up the ground by digging, as Livy's soldiers who had buried their heads in the dug earth, and to make something by digging, as Plautus' digger who dug ten pits a day.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “dig out, excavate, break through”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of digging up gold and of gouging out eyes.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of mining metals.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of dug earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius of erasing words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To dig up, dig out; to [[m|en|mine]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|gouge]] out the eyes; to score out a word.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To break up the ground by digging.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make by digging, [[m|en|excavate]], hollow out.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[effossio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[affodiō]]

+ * [[circumfodiō]]

+ * [[confodiō]]

+ * [[dēfodiō]]

+ * [[fodiō]]

+ * [[infodiō]]

+ * [[interfodiō]]

+ * [[perfodiō]]

+ * [[praefodiō]]

+ * [[suffodiō]]

+ * [[fossa]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}