incursus Latin · revision 32039

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *kr̥s-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋˈkʊr.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iŋˈkur.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incursus''' ''m'' (genitive incursūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|incurrō|-tus|t1=to run into, attack]], a verbal noun of the fourth declension.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The verb is from [[m|la|in-]] and [[m|la|currō|t=to run]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*korse/o-|t=to run]] and [[ine-pro|*kr̥s-e/o-|t=to run]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|carr|t=vehicle]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who tells of a man who fled the attack of the armed Antiochus and the weapons and onrush of the others.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is above all a military word for an attack or onslaught, also of wind and waves, and a raid or inroad, as in Ovid's complaint of cold and raids to be feared on every side.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Without hostility it is a run forward, as in Pliny the Elder on horses trained to an ambling pace.^(OLD 2012) Mela uses it of the inflow of water, a river made larger by the inrush of others, and Ovid of the impact of waves.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “attack, assault”,^(Stelten 1995) and in medieval documents it is the confiscation or forfeiture of goods.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the onrush of armed men.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of raids and of the impact of waves.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Mela of the inflow of rivers.^(OLD 2012)

+ * Middle Ages – Of forfeiture.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|attack]], [[m|en|assault]], onslaught; a raid, [[m|en|inroad]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A run forward, advance.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An inflow of water, [[m|en|influx]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A striking against, [[m|en|collision]], impact.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|forfeiture|alt=Forfeiture]], confiscation.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[incurro|alt=incurrō]]

+ * [[curro|alt=currō]]

+ * [[cursus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}