asperitas Latin · revision 32038

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la asper}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [asˈpɛ.rɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [asˈpɛː.ri.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''asperitās''' ''f'' (genitive asperitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|asper|-tās|t1=rough]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The origin of [[m|la|asper]] is uncertain: a derivation from ⟨*ab-sper-o-⟩ “repulsive” is unsupported, and Melchert proposes a root [[ine-pro|*h₂esp-|t=to cut]], seen in [[xlu|hašp-|t=to cut down]] and [[grc|ἀσπίς|tr=aspís|t=shield]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Varro,^(Köbler 2010) who speaks of the steepness and roughness of mountains.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is roughness to the touch, as in Vitruvius, sharpness, as in Cicero's sphere that can have nothing jagged about it, and the ruggedness of ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero also uses it of harsh sound and of the sharpness of pain, Pliny the Elder of harsh taste and of the fierceness of animals, and Ovid of the severity of cold.^(OLD 2012) Of people and style it is coarseness, as Horace's boorish roughness, or harshness and severity, as Cicero's “without this courtroom harshness”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Sallust has it of the difficulty of a war.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “roughness, sharpness, harshness, severity”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of rugged mountains.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of harsh sounds, of pain and of severity in court.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of the difficulty of a war.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius of rough surfaces.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of boorish roughness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|roughness|alt=Roughness]], unevenness; a rough place; ruggedness of ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Sharpness, jaggedness.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Harshness of sound or taste; of water, saltness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Coarseness, lack of polish.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Fierceness, [[m|en|violence]]; violent feeling.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|severity|alt=Severity]], sternness, harshness of manner, [[m|en|asperity]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Sharpness of pain; inclemency of weather.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|difficulty|alt=Difficulty]], hardness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[asper]]

+ * [[exaspero|alt=exasperō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}