immundus Latin · revision 32036

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la mundus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪmˈmʊn.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [imˈmun.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''immundus''' (feminine immunda, neuter immundum, comparative immundior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inm-''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|mundus|t1=not|t2=clean, neat]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) The adjective [[m|la|mundus]] may go back to [[itc-pro|*mudno-]] and [[ine-pro|*meud-|t=to rejoice]], but de Vaan finds the change of meaning unconvincing.^(de Vaan 2008) If so, it is cognate with [[sa|मुद्|tr=múd-|t=joy]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) whose ''Cistellaria'' has “are you going like that, so slovenly?”^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means unclean, dirty or squalid in appearance, of persons and places, as in a fragment of Cicero quoted by Quintilian, “the floor was filthy, muddy with wine”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Horace uses it of foul and shameful language.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short give [[spurcus]], [[obscēnus]] and [[impūrus]] as synonyms.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Christian Latin it is ritually unclean in the sense of the Jewish law, of animals declared impure.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it “unclean, impure, foul”,^(Stelten 1995) and in medieval texts it means sinful and also devilish, evil.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a slovenly person.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of foul words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Middle Ages – Of sin and of the devil.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|unclean|alt=Unclean]], [[m|en|dirty]], filthy; slovenly, squalid.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Morally unclean, [[m|en|foul]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Ritually unclean, impure.^(TLL)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Sinful; devilish, evil.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[immunditiēs]]

+ * [[immunditia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mundus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}