diruo Latin · revision 32029

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *(H)reuH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈdiː.ru.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈdiː.ru.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dīruō''' (present infinitive dīruere, perfect active dīruī, supine dīrutum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Inscriptions have the perfect participles ''dīritus'' and ''dīruitus''.^(OLD 2012)

+ Manuscripts and glossaries often confuse it with ''dēruō''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dis-|ruō|t2=to tear out, dig]], with the transitive verb.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it under the ⟨ruō⟩ that means “to dig”, from [[itc-pro|*rowe/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*(H)reuH-e/o-]]; its derivatives were mixed up with those of ⟨ruō⟩ “to rush”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[lt|ráuti|t=to tear out, pull]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Terence,^(de Vaan 2008) who has a character tell another to pull down a garden wall.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to cause a building to fall in ruins, to demolish or pull down, and Cicero uses it of a city.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Varro, reported by Nonius, ''aere dirutus'' is a soldier whose pay has been stopped as a punishment.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short compare [[dēleō]], [[ēvertō]] and [[dēmōlior]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “destroy, demolish, overthrow”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of pulling down a wall.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a soldier whose pay is stopped.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of destroying a city.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|demolish]], pull down, [[m|en|wreck]]; to destroy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''aere dirutus'', of a soldier, with his pay stopped.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dīrutiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ruo|alt=ruō]]

+ * [[eruo|alt=ēruō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}