reformido Latin · revision 32027

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la formīdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛ.fɔrˈmiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [re.forˈmiː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''reformīdō''' (present infinitive reformīdāre, perfect active reformīdāvī, supine reformīdātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|re-|formīdō|t2=to fear, dread]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The verb is from the noun [[m|la|formīdō|t=fear]],^(de Vaan 2008) which de Vaan suggests may go back to ⟨*morm-⟩ and be connected with [[grc|μορμώ|tr=mormṓ|t=bogey]], since Latin has no verb ⟨*form-⟩ “to fear”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first example in the OLD is Cicero's speech for Roscius of Ameria, of judges “whose very name they dread”;^(OLD 2012) the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' of the same years has men who in good times dread misfortune.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to shrink from something in fear, to dread it, also of a future event.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to shun something from caution or taste, as in Cicero's “not that he shrank from this style in despair, but rejected it by judgement”.^(OLD 2012) Of things it is to recoil from treatment, as Virgil's vines whose arms should be pruned only when they no longer fear the knife, and Columella uses it of a bud that fails to grow.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “dread”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of dreading judges and of shunning a style.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of vines that fear the knife.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of buds that shrink from growth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|dread]], shrink from in fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|shun]], recoil from.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of plants, to shrink from treatment or from growth.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[reformīdātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[formido|alt=formīdō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}