supinus Latin · revision 32023

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(h₁)upo}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊˈpiː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [suˈpiː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''supīnus''' (feminine supīna, neuter supīnum, superlative supinissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*supīno-|t=upwards]], an adjective in ⟨-īnus⟩ from the old sense “upwards” of [[m|la|sub|t=under]], which goes back to [[ine-pro|*(h₁)upo|t=up, from below]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan rejects Leumann's view that it contains the root “to go”.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD and Lewis & Short compare [[grc|ὕπτιος|tr=húptios|t=lying on the back]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus;^(de Vaan 2008) Ennius has “struck, he fell back on his buttocks, face up”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means lying face upwards, the opposite of [[prōnus]], also of objects laid flat, as the bridge in Catullus that may fall on its back into the marsh.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of hands it is turned palm upwards, in spinning and especially in prayer.^(OLD 2012) It also means turned back or upwards, as Lucretius' oars that seem bent back up in the water, and of a stream flowing back to its source, as in Ovid.^(OLD 2012) Of land it is flat or gently sloping, and Cicero has it of images turned upside down in a mirror.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is inactive, passive or languid, as in Martial.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “lying on the back, supine, lazy, indifferent, careless”,^(Stelten 1995) and in grammar it names the supine.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a head thrown back.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of a man fallen on his back.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of a bridge and of upturned hands.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of oars seen in water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial of a languid reader.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1500 – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|supine]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Lying on the back, face upwards, [[m|en|supine]]; of hands, palm upwards.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Turned back or upwards; of a stream, flowing back to its source.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of land, flat, low-lying, gently sloping.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Upside down, [[m|en|inverted]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|inactive|alt=Inactive]], passive, languid, indolent.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(grammar)'' Of the supine.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[resupīnus]]

+ * [[sēmisupīnus]]

+ * [[supīnitās]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sub]]

+ * [[en|supine]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}