discidium Latin · revision 32019

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ski-n-d-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [dɪsˈkɪ.di.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [diʃˈʃiː.di.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''discidium''' ''n'' (genitive discidiī or discidī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|discindō|-ium|t1=to tear apart]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) The verb is from [[m|la|dis-]] and [[m|la|scindō|t=to split, tear]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*ski-n-d-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*ski-n-d-|t=to split, tear off]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|छिनत्ति|tr=chinátti|t=splits]] and [[grc|σχίζω|tr=skhízō|t=to split]].^(de Vaan 2008) Stowasser derived it from [[m|la|dis-]] and [[m|la|cadō|t=to fall]], like [[excidium]], but the Thesaurus shows from its uses that it belongs with ⟨scindere⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) whose soldier in the ''Miles gloriosus'' says that no quarrel arises from him over wine.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a violent splitting apart, used often by Lucretius of bodies tossed by meetings and separations, and in Livy the breaking of treaties.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of people it is a forcible separation, as in Cicero's man torn from his brothers by the war, and the breaking of a marriage, divorce, or the estrangement of lovers, as in Terence.^(OLD 2012) Cicero also speaks of the split between the tongue and the heart, between eloquence and wisdom.^(OLD 2012) In Plautus it is discord or dissension.^(OLD 2012) The Thesaurus notes that manuscripts often corrupt it into ⟨dissidium⟩, which Madvig showed is not a Latin word.^(TLL)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “separation, disagreement, a tearing apart”,^(Stelten 1995) and in medieval texts it is a schism.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a quarrel.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of a divorce.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of the splitting of bodies.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of separation by war.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Middle Ages – Of a schism.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A tearing apart, violent division; the breaking of an agreement.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|separation]] of people; [[m|en|divorce]]; estrangement.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|discord|alt=Discord]], dissension.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|schism]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[discindo|alt=discindō]]

+ * [[scindo|alt=scindō]]

+ * [[excidium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}