gestio Latin · revision 32017

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la gerō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɡɛs.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈd͡ʒɛs.ti.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gestiō''' (present infinitive gestīre, perfect active gestīvī or gestiī, supine gestītum); fourth conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the archaic imperfect ''gestībant'', and Gellius ''gestībat''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|gestus|-iō|t1=gesture]], first “to make wild gestures”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) The noun is from [[m|la|gerō|t=to carry, conduct]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*ges-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂ǵ-es-|t=to carry]], a stem formed after the Indo-European period from the root of [[m|la|agō|t=to drive]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) whose characters say “I long to kiss now” and “my fists are itching”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to desire eagerly or long to do something, and Pliny the Elder uses it of beans that do not want weeding.^(OLD 2012) It is also to be impatient for action, and to be elated or exult, as in Plautus' “so that you don't seem to mock and exult”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Gellius and Apuleius use it in its first sense, of actors' expressive gestures.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein contrasts the calm will of [[volō|alt=velle]] and [[optō|alt=optāre]] with ''cupere'', ''avēre'' and ''gestīre'', which express excited feeling and passion.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “long for, desire eagerly; exult, be joyful”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of longing and of exulting.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of eager desire.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of beans.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius of actors' gestures.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|long|alt=Long]], desire eagerly (with an infinitive); of things, to require.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be impatient, itch to act.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To be elated, [[m|en|exult]], be transported with joy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make expressive gestures, [[m|en|gesticulate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[praegestiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gestus]]

+ * [[gero|alt=gerō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate noun ''gestiō'', ''-ōnis'' “doing, management” is formed from ''gerō'' with ''-tiō'';^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short find it perhaps only in Cicero's ''De inventione'',^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Church Latin glosses it “management, administration”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}