luctuosus Latin · revision 32015

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la lūgeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɫuːk.tuˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [luk.tuˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lūctuōsus''' (feminine lūctuōsa, neuter lūctuōsum, comparative lūctuōsior, superlative lūctuōsissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|lūctus|-ōsus|t1=grief, mourning]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The noun is from [[m|la|lūgeō|t=to mourn]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*loug-eje-]]; de Vaan reconstructs [[ine-pro|*loug-eie-|t=to swallow, gasp]], though the root is disputed.^(de Vaan 2008) On that view it is cognate with [[grc|λύζω|tr=lúzō|t=to hiccup, sob]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who writes that it is grievous to be handed over to another with one's goods, more grievous to an enemy.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means causing sorrow, grievous or calamitous, as in Cicero's “O that day, so grievous for the state”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means sorrowful or mournful, as in Cicero's “the wretched and mournful prayers of my brother”, and in Horace.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “sorrowful, sad, mournful”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval law ''hereditas luctuosa'' is an inheritance that passes to the parents on the death of their child.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a grievous fate and of mournful prayers.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Middle Ages – ''hereditas luctuosa'', an inheritance on a child's death.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Causing sorrow, [[m|en|grievous]], [[m|en|calamitous]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|sorrowful|alt=Sorrowful]], [[m|en|mournful]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[perluctuōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[luctus|alt=lūctus]]

+ * [[lugeo|alt=lūgeō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}