libro Latin · revision 32014

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la lībra}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈliː.broː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈliː.bro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lībrō''' (present infinitive lībrāre, perfect active lībrāvī, supine lībrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ An old inscription spells it ''leibr-''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a denominative verb [[der|la|lībra|t=balance, pound]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|lībra]] to [[itc-pro|*leiþra-|t=pound]], and thinks the name of the Sicilian coin [[grc|λίτρα|tr=lítra]] was borrowed from an Italic language.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008) who says an oil mill should be set level with the rims.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to make level, and in Vitruvius to give a channel an even fall.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to hold suspended or balance, as in Cicero's question by what weights the earth is balanced, and Virgil's bees that steady themselves with little stones as they fly.^(OLD 2012) Above all it is to poise a weapon before throwing it, to aim, as in Virgil's boxer who aimed his glove between the horns.^(OLD 2012) Germanicus uses it of bringing things into balance, and Persius of weighing charges in neat antitheses.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''librare hastam'', to raise the spear level in order to throw it with more force and a surer aim, from [[vibrō|alt=vibrāre]], to brandish it in eagerness for the fight.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it “weigh, balance, poise”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of setting a mill level.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the earth balanced in space.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of bees balancing and of aiming a blow.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 34–62 AD – Persius of weighing charges.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make [[m|en|level]]; to give an even slope.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|balance]], hold suspended, poise.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To poise a weapon for throwing, aim; to [[m|en|hurl]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To bring into equilibrium.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|weigh]] in the mind, ponder; to gauge.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[collībrō]]

+ * [[dēlibrō]]

+ * [[lībrāmen]]

+ * [[lībrāmentum]]

+ * [[lībrātiō]]

+ * [[lībrātor]]

+ * [[libratura]]

+ * [[lībritor]]

+ * [[perlībrō]]

+ * [[lībrātē]]

+ * [[lībrātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[libra|alt=lībra]]

+ * [[delibero|alt=dēlīberō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}