effusus Latin · revision 32010

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰu-n-d-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛfˈfuː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [efˈfuː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''effūsus''' (feminine effūsa, neuter effūsum, comparative effūsior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the perfect participle of [[m|la|effundō|t=to pour out]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) The verb is from [[m|la|ex-]] and [[m|la|fundō|t=to pour]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*χund-]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵʰu-n-d-|t=to pour]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|χέω|tr=khéō|t=to pour]] and [[got|𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽|tr=giutan|t=to pour]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Lucretius.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means loose or flowing, of reins and hair: Livy's ''effusissimis habenis'' is “at full gallop”.^(OLD 2012) Of a body it is sprawling, and Quintilian notes that ''effusus'' is mistaken for “copious” in an orator.^(OLD 2012) Of land it is wide and open, as Velleius' broad gulf of the Adriatic, and of activities widespread, as in Livy's widespread plundering.^(OLD 2012) Of attack and flight it is headlong and disorderly, and of actions and feelings unrestrained or extravagant;^(OLD 2012) Livy says the Numidians are above all barbarians given to love.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it is used of a smooth, flowing tone of voice.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “excessive”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a flowing voice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of loose reins, headlong flight and unrestrained licence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 20 BC–30 AD – Velleius of the wide Adriatic gulf.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|loose|alt=Loose]], flowing; sprawling; of style, diffuse.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Wide, open, [[m|en|spacious]]; widespread.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Headlong, disorderly.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Unrestrained, [[m|en|immoderate]], [[m|en|extravagant]]; much given to something.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of the voice, smooth, flowing.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[effundo|alt=effundō]]

+ * [[fundo|alt=fundō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}