justice English · revision 3201

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1137–54, Peterborough Chronicle|origins=la iūstus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈdʒʌs.tɪs/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|justice]], justise,^(MWU 2024) late [[inh|ang|iustise|t=administration of the law]],^(COED 2004)^(MWU 2024) [[bor|fro|justise|t=justice, legal rights, jurisdiction]], justice,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD 2000) a learned borrowing from [[la|iūstitia|t=righteousness, equity]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) from [[m|la|iūstus|t=upright, just]].^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000)^(Hoad 1986) It is related to [[just]] and [[justify]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD 2000)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The exercise of authority to uphold right by reward or punishment: 1137–54, in the ''Peterborough Chronicle'',^(OED 1989) 1140 according to Barnhart,^(Barnhart 1988) or the mid-12th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Etymonline also dates the quality of being fair and just to the mid-12th century,^(Etymonline) while the OED's first quotation for it is from about 1340.^(OED 1989) The administration of law and its processes is from 1303,^(OED 1989) and a judge or judicial officer from about 1200.^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) ''Justice of the peace'' is attested from the early 14th century.^(Etymonline) “Right order, equity, giving everyone their due” is from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline) From about 1400 to 1700 the word sometimes had a vindictive sense, “infliction of punishment, legal vengeance”.^(Etymonline) In theology, observance of the divine law, righteousness, is from 1534,^(OED 1989) and conformity of an action to moral right or to fact from 1588.^(OED 1989) ''To do justice to'', “to treat fittingly”, is from the 1670s.^(Etymonline) The verb ''justice'', “to administer justice to; to bring to trial”, from about 1320, is obsolete.^(OED 1989)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1137–54 – the upholding of right.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1200 – a judicial officer.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1303 – the administration of law.^(OED 1989)

+ * early 14th century – ''justice of the peace''.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1340 – fairness.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1534 – righteousness (theology).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1670s – ''to do justice to''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Fair and right treatment; [[fairness]].^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # The principle of moral rightness; [[equity]].^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # The system of laws and their administration: ''the criminal justice system''.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+ # A [[judge]], especially of a supreme court; a [[justice of the peace]].^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[justiceless]]

+ * [[justicer]]

+ * [[justiceship]]

+ * [[chief justice]]

+ * [[justice of the peace]]

+ * [[obstruction of justice]]

+ * [[poetic justice]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[just]]

+ * [[justiciable]]

+ * [[justiciar]]

+ * [[unjust]]

+ * [[justify]]

+ * [[justification]]

+ * [[injustice]]

+ * [[justiciary]]

+ * [[judge]]

+ * [[jury]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}