lanio Latin · revision 32005

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la lanius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɫa.ni.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈlaː.ni.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''laniō''' (present infinitive laniāre, perfect active laniāvī, supine laniātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD thinks it probably of Etruscan origin, comparing [[m|la|lanista|t=trainer of gladiators]].^(OLD 2012) The grammarian Eutyches derived it from [[m|la|lanius|t=butcher]], which the TLL accepts,^(TLL) and Wiktionary also takes it as [[der|la|lanius|t=butcher]].^(Wiktionary) Lewis & Short call it of doubtful origin and compare [[m|la|lacer|t=torn]] and [[grc|δάκνω|tr=dáknō|t=to bite]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first example in the OLD is in the historian Claudius Quadrigarius, of someone tearing at a hand with the nails;^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of a man torn to pieces.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to wound savagely, tear or mutilate flesh, as Cicero's bodies mangled by wild beasts, and to tear the hair, cheeks or clothes in grief, as in Ovid's women tearing their hair.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Suetonius uses it of the butcher cutting up meat, and Sallust of shattered wrecks rising from the sea.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to criticise savagely, as in Ovid's complaint that slanderous tongues tore his poems to pieces, and Seneca uses it of cares that tear the heart.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Church Latin glosses it “mangle”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a man torn to pieces and of bodies mangled by beasts.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of shattered wrecks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of hair torn in grief and of poems pulled to pieces.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius of a butcher cutting up meat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To tear to pieces, [[m|en|mangle]], [[m|en|lacerate]]; to tear the hair or clothes in grief; to cut up meat.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To damage severely, break up.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To criticise savagely, pull to pieces.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[laniōnius]]

+ * [[dēlaniō]]

+ * [[dīlaniō]]

+ * [[laniamentum]]

+ * [[laniatio]]

+ * [[laniator]]

+ * [[laniatorium]]

+ * [[laniātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lanius]]

+ * [[lanista]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate rare noun ''laniō'', ''-ōnis'' “butcher” is made from [[lanius]];^(OLD 2012) it occurs in Petronius and the Digest, and Sedulius applies it to Herod as an executioner.^(Georges 1913) Medieval Latin has it for both butcher and executioner.^(Niermeyer 1976) Döderlein distinguishes ''lacerāre'', to tear by mere force, from ''laniāre'', to cut as with an instrument, among which teeth and claws may be counted.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}