adhortor Latin · revision 31992

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰer-i-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''adhortor''' (present infinitive adhortārī, perfect active adhortātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ad-|hortor|t2=to urge, encourage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan takes [[m|la|hortor]] as a frequentative of [[m|la|horior|t=to urge]], made from a past participle or shortened from the older form found in Ennius, and traces [[m|la|horior]] to [[itc-pro|*χerj-]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵʰer-i-|t=to enjoy]], perhaps first “to be excited”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[osc|herest|t=will want]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has “he urges and helps us with work and advice”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to encourage or urge someone on in an activity, and in the army to address words of encouragement to the troops, as Cicero says generals do with the line drawn up.^(OLD 2012) It is also to urge someone to a course of action, as Cicero's Lepidus urging peace, and of habits or circumstances, as Cicero's lifelong habit that urged him to defend Rabirius.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it “encourage, exhort”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of urging on with work and advice.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of generals exhorting troops and of urging peace.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|encourage]], urge on; to [[m|en|exhort]] troops.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To urge to a course of action; of circumstances, to prompt.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[adhortamen]]

+ * [[adhortātiō]]

+ * [[adhortatiuus]]

+ * [[adhortātor]]

+ * [[adhortatus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hortor]]

+ * [[cohortor]]

+ * [[dehortor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}