dubie Latin · revision 31986

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *dui-bʰh₂u-o-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dubiē''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dubius|-ē|t1=doubtful]], the adverb of the adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|dubius]] from an older adjective “in doubt”, perhaps from [[itc-pro|*du(i)-fwo-]] and [[ine-pro|*dui-bʰh₂u-o-|t=double, of two forms]], with the root “to be, become”; he compares [[grc|διφυής|tr=diphuḗs|t=with two shapes]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who speaks of a sign given doubtfully being taken as certain.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means hesitatingly, as Ovid's Pygmalion rejoicing hesitantly and afraid of being deceived, or uncertainly and ambiguously.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is used mostly with a negative, especially from Augustus on: ''haud dubiē'' “undoubtedly, certainly”, as Sallust's “now undoubtedly the victor”, occurs about seventy times in Livy and also in Tacitus and Suetonius, while Cicero has ''nōn dubiē'' only once.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a doubtful sign and of a report not in doubt.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of a man undoubtedly the victor.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy often has ''haud dubiē''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of hesitant joy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|hesitantly|alt=Hesitantly]], with hesitation.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Uncertainly, [[m|en|doubtfully]], ambiguously.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With a negative, ''haud dubiē'', ''nōn dubiē'': [[m|en|undoubtedly]], certainly.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dubius]]

+ * [[dubito|alt=dubitō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}