socordia Latin · revision 31983

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ḱḗrd}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sō̆cordia''' ''f'' (genitive sō̆cordiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Because of its origin it is sometimes written ''sēcordia''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|socors|-ia|t1=sluggish, inactive]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists [[m|la|socors]] among the compounds of [[m|la|cor|t=heart]], from ⟨*swe-kord-⟩ or ⟨*sēd-kord-⟩, “without heart”;^(de Vaan 2008) he traces [[m|la|cor]] to [[itc-pro|*kord]] and [[ine-pro|*ḱḗrd|t=heart]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has “cast off all sloth and put away idleness”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense is lack of energy or alertness, sluggishness or inaction;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that in this sense it is used only in the singular and perhaps once in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Sallust joins it with idleness and cowardice, and Livy speaks of the delay and sloth that let the enemy advance.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of the mind it is dullness or folly, as Pliny the Elder's “greater folly” of believing in countless gods, and Suetonius says Antonia called anyone she accused of it more stupid than her son Claudius.^(OLD 2012) Festus reports that some writers used it for cowardice, but Cato for stupidity.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “indolence, folly, stupidity, sloth”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of sloth to be cast off.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of there being no room for sloth.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of idleness and cowardice.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of folly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Lack of energy, [[m|en|sluggishness]], [[m|en|sloth]], [[m|en|negligence]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Dullness of mind, [[m|en|folly]], stupidity.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[socors]]

+ * [[cor]]

+ * [[vecordia|alt=vēcordia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}