iamdudum Latin · revision 31982

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la iam, la dūdum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [janˈduː.dũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [janˈduː.dum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iamdūdum''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also written as two words, and Plautus splits it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|iam|dūdum|t1=now, already|t2=for a long time]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan explains [[m|la|dūdum]] as a root “long (time)”, the zero grade of [[ine-pro|*duh₂-|t=far, long]], with the enclitic [[m|la|-dum]]; he compares [[grc|δήν|tr=dḗn|t=long]].^(de Vaan 2008) He takes [[m|la|iam]] as an old accusative of a pronoun, [[ine-pro|*h₁i-h₂-m|t=this]], first “as far as this is concerned”, then “now”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who has “I told you long ago”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means long since or a long time ago, and with the present or imperfect that something has gone on for a long time, as Terence's “I've been here for a long time” and Ovid's “I had long been weeping”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero uses it of someone long awaited and of something he has long been urging.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In poetry it also means at once or forthwith, as Virgil's “take your vengeance at once” and often in Ovid.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “now, for a long time”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of something said long ago.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of having been somewhere a long time.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a man long awaited.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil in the sense “at once”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|long|alt=Long]] since, a long time ago; for a long time now.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' At once, [[m|en|forthwith]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iam]]

+ * [[dudum|alt=dūdum]]

+ * [[iampridem|alt=iamprīdem]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}