instructus Latin · revision 31977

+ {{homograph|1|equipped}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=ine-pro *streu-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnstrūctus''' (feminine īnstrūcta, neuter īnstrūctum, comparative īnstrūctior, superlative īnstrūctissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The adjective “equipped” is the past participle [[der|la|īnstruō|t=to build, arrange, equip]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The verb is made from [[m|la|in-]] and [[m|la|struō|t=to pile up, build]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*strow-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*streu-e/o-|t=to strew]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[got|𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=straujan|t=to strew]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first example in the OLD is in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', of people better equipped and furnished in every respect;^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means equipped or fitted out, as Livy's forces larger and better equipped than if they were going against Hannibal himself, and often with the ablative, as Cicero's man well equipped in those matters and Horace's “equipped with ten vices”.^(OLD 2012) Of people it is learned, trained or skilled, as in Cicero's question whose eloquence was better furnished with learning than that of Pisistratus.^(OLD 2012) Livy also uses it of a cavalry line drawn up in the best order.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it “drawn up, ordered, prepared, arranged, instructed”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' of people well equipped.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of men skilled in learning.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of a man equipped with vices.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of equipped forces and a line drawn up.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|equipped|alt=Equipped]], fitted out, furnished.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|learned|alt=Learned]], trained, [[m|en|skilled]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Drawn up in order, arranged.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ {{homograph|2|equipment}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la īnstruō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnstrūctus''' ''m'' (genitive īnstrūctūs); fourth declension^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun “equipment” is [[af|la|īnstruō|-tus|t1=to build, arrange, equip]], a fourth-declension noun of action.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero has it of a speech accompanied by the same arrangement and ornament.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The OLD defines it as equipment or apparatus, and Lewis & Short as arrangement or preparation, citing Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Medieval Latin it means stock, equipment, implements and furniture, and also advice.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the arrangement of a speech.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|equipment|alt=Equipment]], apparatus; arrangement, preparation.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Stock, implements, furniture.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Advice.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[instruo|alt=īnstruō]]

+ * [[instrumentum|alt=īnstrūmentum]]

+ * [[instructio|alt=īnstrūctiō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says that [[praeditus]] refers to a distinction that sheds lustre, while ''instructus'' and ''exstructus'' refer to a qualification that shows usefulness.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}