decurio Latin · revision 31972

+ {{homograph|1|divide into tens}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *déḱm̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [dɛˈkʊ.ri.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈkuː.ri.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''decuriō''' (present infinitive decuriāre, perfect active decuriāvī, supine decuriātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb “divide into tens” is [[af|la|decuria|-ō|t1=group of ten]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|decuria]] from ⟨*dek-ur-ia⟩, with a suffix from the word for “four”, and traces [[m|la|decem]] to [[itc-pro|*dekm]] and [[ine-pro|*déḱm̥|t=ten]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero uses it of men enrolled street by street and formed into squads of ten.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to form cavalry in squads of ten, as in Livy's conspirators organised in tens of horsemen and hundreds of foot, and to organise men in military fashion.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note its use for dividing the people into clubs for bribery and corruption.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In inscriptions it means to enrol in a ''decuria''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of men formed into squads.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of cavalry formed in tens.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To form in squads of ten; to organise in military fashion.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To enrol in a ''decuria''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ {{homograph|2|decurion}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *déḱm̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [dɛˈkʊ.ri.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈkuː.ri.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''decuriō''' ''m'' (genitive decuriōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun “decurion” is [[af|la|decuria|-ō|t1=group of ten]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Festus also records the forms ⟨decurēs⟩ and ⟨decuriōnus⟩ for it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Varro,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of the officer over a squad of ten horsemen.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is an officer in command of ten cavalrymen, and in Livy a naval officer of similar rank.^(OLD 2012) It is also a member of a town council, as in Cicero, and of the governing committee of a ''decuria'' or guild, as in Apuleius.^(OLD 2012) Suetonius uses it of a foreman of slaves, as the head of the chamberlains.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it “counsellor; captain of ten”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a cavalry officer.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of town councillors.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of naval officers.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius of a foreman of chamberlains.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|decurion]], commander of ten cavalrymen; a naval officer of similar rank.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A town [[m|en|councillor]]; a member of the committee of a guild.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A [[m|en|foreman]] of slaves.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[decuria]]

+ * [[decem]]

+ * [[centurio|alt=centuriō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}