ἄγω Ancient Greek · revision 3197

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Mycenaean (Linear B)|origins=ine-pro *h₂eǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /á.ɡɔː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈa.ɣo/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈa.ɣo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ᾰ̓́γω''' (ágō) ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|grk-pro|*ágō]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂éǵeti|t=drives]], an old thematic present of the root [[ine-pro|*h₂eǵ-|t=to drive, lead]].^(Wiktionary)^(Beekes 2010)^(LIV 2001) Mycenaean already has the third person [[gmy|a-ke]].^(Beekes 2010)^(DGE)

+

+ Exact cognates are [[sa|अजति|tr=ájati|t=drives]], [[ae|azaiti]], [[xcl|ածեմ|tr=acem|t=I lead]], [[la|agō|t=to drive, do]], [[sga|aig|alt=-aig]] and [[non|aka|t=to drive, travel]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)^(LIV 2001) The reduplicated aorist ⟨ἤγαγον⟩ is a Greek formation; the verb was perhaps first used only in the present.^(LIV 2001)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Mycenaean tablets have ''a-ke''.^(Beekes 2010)^(DGE) In Homer it is above all used of living beings, “to lead, drive”, as opposed to [[φέρω|tr=phérō]], used of things carried: in the ''Iliad'' a woman is given to be led away and a tripod to be carried.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)^(Hesychius)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Homer and later it means to lead or bring persons and animals, to carry off captives and cattle as booty (''ἄγειν καὶ φέρειν'' “to plunder”), and to lead or command an army.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary) From “lead” came many extended uses: to bring someone into a situation, to draw a line or a wall, to direct or manage, to keep a festival or celebrate a feast, to pass one's time, and to hold someone in honour.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)^(Lust 2003) The imperative ''ἄγε'' “come!” became an interjection.^(CGL 2021)^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ The Septuagint and the New Testament use it for bringing and leading, for taking someone into custody, and for keeping a feast.^(Lust 2003)^(BDAG 2000) It is the base of many words: [[ἀγών|tr=agṓn|t=gathering, contest]], [[ἀγωγή|tr=agōgḗ]], [[ἀγωγός|tr=agōgós]], and compounds in ''-αγωγός'' such as [[δημαγωγός|tr=dēmagōgós]] and [[παιδαγωγός|tr=paidagōgós]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) In Modern Greek [[m|el|άγω|tr=ágo]] is a learned word, used only in the present.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Mycenaean period – The tablets have ''a-ke''.^(Beekes 2010)^(DGE)

+ * Homer – It is used for leading people and animals, as opposed to carrying things.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus and the tragedians use it for leading armies and bringing someone to a place.^(CGL 2021)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Attic writers use it for celebrating festivals and passing time.^(CGL 2021)

+ * 3rd–1st century BC – The Septuagint uses it for bringing, leading and keeping feasts.^(Lust 2003)

+ * 1st century AD – The New Testament uses it for leading someone to a place or into custody.^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|lead]], bring, fetch, take along, especially living beings.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To carry off as captives or [[m|en|booty]].^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To lead, guide or command an army or a ship.^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To bring someone into a situation or state.^(CGL 2021)

+ # To draw out a line or wall, or ''(geometry)'' to draw a line.^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To direct, manage.^(CGL 2021)

+ # To keep or [[m|en|celebrate]] a festival; to pass time.^(CGL 2021)^(Lust 2003)

+ # To regard, hold in a certain way, as in honour.^(CGL 2021)^(Lust 2003)

+ # To weigh a certain amount.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(New Testament)'' To lead away, take into custody.^(BDAG 2000)

+ # ''(imperative)'' ''ἄγε'', “come!”, “come now!”.^(CGL 2021)^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἀγή|tr=agḗ]]

+ * [[ἀγός|tr=agós]]

+ * [[ἀγωγή|tr=agōgḗ]]

+ * [[ἀγωγός|tr=agōgós]]

+ * [[ἀγών|tr=agṓn]]

+ * [[ἄκτωρ|tr=áktōr]]

+ * [[ἀνάγω|tr=anágō]]

+ * [[ἀντανάγω|tr=antanágō]]

+ * [[ἀπάγω|tr=apágō]]

+ * [[διάγω|tr=diágō]]

+ * [[εἰσάγω|tr=eiságō]]

+ * [[ἐνάγω|tr=enágō]]

+ * [[ἐξάγω|tr=exágō]]

+ * [[ἐπάγω|tr=epágō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἀγέλη|tr=agélē]]

+ * [[ἄγρα|tr=ágrā]]

+ * [[ἀγρός|tr=agrós]]

+ * [[ἀγωνία|tr=agōníā]]

+ * [[ἄξιος|tr=áxios]]

+ * [[la|ago]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}