iuvenca Latin · revision 31964

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *h₂iu-h₁n-ḱo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [jʊˈwɛŋ.ka], [jʊˈwɛŋ.kaː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [juˈvɛŋ.ka], [juˈvɛŋ.ka]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iuvenca''' ''f'' (genitive iuvencae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|iuvencus|t=young bullock]], used as a feminine noun.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary suggests that it may rather continue a [[itc-pro|*juwenkā]] beside the masculine.^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|iuvencus]] to [[m|itc-pro|*juwnko-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂iu-h₁n-ḱo-|t=young one, young animal]], a derivative of the word continued in [[m|la|iuvenis|t=young]]; the sequence ⟨-enc-⟩ instead of ⟨-inc-⟩ is unexpected, and he explains it either as a borrowing from Sabellic or as influence of [[m|la|iuvenis]] and [[m|la|iuventus]].^(de Vaan 2008) The plural [[xum|iuengar|t=young cows]] is the same word in Umbrian; further cognates are [[sga|óac|t=youth]], [[cy|ieuanc|t=young]], [[goh|jung|t=young]] and [[non|ungr|t=young]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Varro,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of a young cow or [[m|en|heifer]] in his book on farming.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its ordinary sense is a heifer.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In poetry the Pharian or Inachian heifer is Io, as in Virgil's “Juno, planning a plague for the Inachian heifer”, and also Isis, with whom Io was identified.^(OLD 2012) Like [[m|la|iuvencus]] “young man”, it was also used by the poets of a girl: Ovid calls Helen the “Greek heifer”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of the heifer.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of Io, the Inachian heifer.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of Helen as the “Greek heifer”, and of the temples of Isis.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A young cow, [[m|en|heifer]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' Io, the heifer of Inachus; also [[m|en|Isis]], identified with her.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(poetic)'' A girl, young woman.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iuvenis]]

+ * [[iuventus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}