succingo Latin · revision 31959

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 84–c. 25 BC, Vitruvius|origins=la cingō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊkˈkɪŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [sutˈt͡ʃiŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''succingō''' (present infinitive succingere, perfect active succinxī, supine succinctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''subcingō'' is also found.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sub-|cingō|t2=to gird]],^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) though the OLD takes the present as probably a back-formation from the participle [[m|la|succinctus|t=girded up]].^(OLD 2012) De Vaan calls the origin of [[m|la|cingō]] uncertain: [[lt|kinkýti|t=to harness horses]] fits in meaning, but its root shape cannot be Proto-Indo-European, and the Sanskrit words compared are late and irregular.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its earliest example in the OLD is in Vitruvius, who describes the Serpent constellation coiling round Virgo, Leo and Cancer.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its basic sense is to gather up one's clothes with a belt or girdle, to tuck up, as in Juvenal's tunics tucked up to mid-shin;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note it is mostly poetic and post-Augustan.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it means to gird oneself for action, as in a poem in Petronius and in Florus, where Caesar girds himself against Cassius and Brutus.^(OLD 2012) It also means to surround closely, as in Pliny the Younger's “he will gird himself with terror in vain who is not fenced by affection”, and of fleets hemming in a coast.^(OLD 2012) The participle [[m|la|succinctus]] gave English ''succinct'' in the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius of a constellation encircling others.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius of girding the mind for literature.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal of tunics tucked up.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 120 AD – Florus of Caesar preparing for war and of a fleet hemming in a coast.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To gather up clothes with a [[m|en|belt]] or [[m|en|girdle]], tuck up; to [[m|en|gird]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To prepare for action, gird up.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To surround closely, hem in.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[succinctim]]

+ * [[succinctulus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|succinct]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}