calix Latin · revision 31958

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *(s)kalik-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈka.lɪks]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkaː.liks]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''calix''' ''m'' (genitive calicis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*(s)kalik-]],^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) the same word as [[xum|skalçeta|t=from the sacrificial vessel]].^(de Vaan 2008) It resembles [[grc|κύλιξ|tr=kúlix|t=drinking cup]];^(de Vaan 2008) Schrijver connects them through a form [[ine-pro|*kʷlH-ik-]], but de Vaan thinks Latin and Greek may both have taken a word for “vessel” from a substrate language, and Beekes finds the Greek word Pre-Greek in shape.^(de Vaan 2008) Etymonline likewise suggests both may be loanwords from the same non-Indo-European language.^(Etymonline) The OLD and the TLL compare [[sa|कलश|tr=kaláśa-|t=jar, pot]], a connection de Vaan finds doubtful because of its different ablaut,^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008) and Wiktionary also compares [[m|grc|σκάλλιον|tr=skállion|t=small cup]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) Macrobius says the Greek name of a cup is the Latin word with one letter changed.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it of pots and dishes smashed in a kitchen and of a wine cup touched on the sly.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In early Latin it is a vessel for food, a pot or dish, as in Plautus, Cato and Varro;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cato also uses pierced pots for layering fruit trees.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its commonest sense is a cup, especially a wine cup, and by metonymy the wine in it, as in Catullus' call for bitterer cups.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the aqueduct system it was a short brass pipe of fixed diameter between the main and a private line.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder uses it of cup-shaped shells and of the seed vessel of a plant, though some of these may belong to [[calyx]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Church Latin it is the [[m|en|chalice]] of the Mass,^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995) and Old English borrowed it as ''cælic'';^(Etymonline) English ''chalice'' came through Old French in the early 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of pots and of a wine cup.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato the Elder of pots for layering trees.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of cups of wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of shells and seed vessels.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English takes [[m|en|chalice]] through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A vessel for food, a pot, [[m|en|dish]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|cup]], especially a wine cup; a cupful of wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A short length of brass pipe fixing the flow from an [[m|en|aqueduct]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A cup-shaped shell; the [[m|en|calyx]] of a plant.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|chalice]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[calicellus]]

+ * [[caliculus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|chalice]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''[[poculum]]'', an ordinary cup for meals, from ''calix'', a rarer goblet for feasts, both old Latin words.^(Döderlein 1874) The TLL treats ''calix'' for the plant's cup as a form of ''[[calyx]]''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}