glacies Latin · revision 31957

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=116–27 BC, Varro}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɡɫa.ki.eːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɡlaː.t͡ʃi.es]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''glaciēs''' ''f'' (genitive glaciēī); fifth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) It ends in the noun suffix [[m|la|-iēs]], and the first part has traditionally been compared with [[m|la|gelū|t=frost]], from [[ine-pro|*gel-|t=cold; to freeze]];^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Etymonline takes it as probably a suffixed form of that root.^(Etymonline) De Vaan, however, notes that although its meaning is the same as that of [[m|la|gelū]], it cannot be derived from a root meaning “to be cold” in any meaningful way.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro.^(de Vaan 2008) It means [[m|en|ice]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the ordinary word for ice: Lucretius has the sun melting ice, Virgil ice cutting tender feet, Livy slippery ice in the Alps.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The plural is also used, as in Virgil and the Vulgate.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius uses it figuratively for the hardness of bronze that melts in the fire.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ A Vulgar Latin form ''glacia'' is recorded in glosses and computistic texts;^(TLL) Etymonline traces French ''glace'' to it, the source of English ''glacier'' (1744).^(Etymonline) English ''glacial'' (1650s) comes from the adjective [[glacialis|alt=glaciālis]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of ice melted by the sun.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of slippery ice.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1744 – English [[m|en|glacier]] is recorded, through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|ice|alt=Ice]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Hardness.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[glaciālis]]

+ * [[glaciō]]

+ * [[glaciārium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gelus]]

+ * [[gelu|alt=gelū]]

+ * [[en|glacier]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis & Short compare it with ''[[gelu|alt=gelū]]'' “frost” and ''[[pruina]]'' “hoarfrost”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}