λείπω Ancient Greek · revision 3194

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=ine-pro *leykʷ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /lěː.pɔː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈli.po/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈli.po/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''λείπω''' (leípō) ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ine-pro|*leykʷ-|t=to leave behind]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary)^(LIV 2001) The thematic root aorist [[ἔλιπον|tr=élipon]] matches [[xcl|լքի|alt=elikʿ|tr=elikʿ]] and [[sa|अरिचत्|tr=áricat]], from ⟨*h₁é-likʷ-e-t⟩ “he left”; the perfect [[λέλοιπα|tr=léloipa]] matches [[sa|रिरेच|tr=riréca]] and [[la|līquī]]; and the nasal present ⟨λιμπάνω⟩ resembles [[xcl|լքանեմ|tr=lkʿanem]] and [[la|linquō]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)^(LIV 2001) The present λείπω itself corresponds to [[got|𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽|tr=leihwan|t=to lend]] and [[lt|likti|alt=liekù|t=to leave]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In Homer it is to leave behind, to leave a place, and of the spirit to leave the body at death.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) a prophecy in the ''Iliad'' speaks of “leaving the light of the sun” at the hands of the Trojans, that is, dying.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(Cunliffe 1924)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its senses fall into groups: to leave behind or abandon (of a soldier, to desert one's post); to leave remaining, and in the passive to be left, survive, or be outrun; and to leave out, fall short, be lacking.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)^(LSJ 1940) In the middle and passive it also means to be inferior.^(BDAG 2000)^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ In the New Testament it means “to lack”: “one thing you still lack”, Jesus tells the rich man, and James speaks of those who lack wisdom.^(BDAG 2000) Spicq notes that the papyri use it for a deficit in accounts.^(BDAG 2000)^(Spicq 1994) Derivatives include [[λοιπός|tr=loipós|t=remaining]], [[λείψανον|tr=leípsanon|t=remains]] and, from the compound ἐκλείπω, [[ἔκλειψις|tr=ékleipsis|t=eclipse]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Medieval Greek has it as ''λείπω'' and ''λείβγω'', and in Modern Greek [[m|el|λείπω|tr=lípo]] means to be absent or missing, and “I miss you” is ''μου λείπεις''.^(Kriaras)^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – It is used for leaving people, places and life.^(LSJ 1940)^(Cunliffe 1924)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses it for falling short, being inferior.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Plato uses it of a soldier deserting his post.^(CGL 2021)

+ * 1st century AD – The New Testament uses it for lacking.^(BDAG 2000)^(Spicq 1994)

+ * 12th–17th century – Vernacular Greek has ''λείπω'' and ''λείβγω''.^(Kriaras)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|leave]], leave behind; to depart from a place.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To forsake, [[m|en|abandon]], desert.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of the dying)'' To leave life, or ''(of the spirit)'' to leave the body.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+ # To leave behind at death, as children or glory.^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(passive)'' To be left, remain, survive; to be outdistanced.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To be lacking, fail, fall short.^(Wiktionary)^(BDAG 2000)

+ # ''(middle and passive)'' To be inferior; to lack something.^(BDAG 2000)^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἀπολείπω|tr=apoleípō]]

+ * [[διαλείπω|tr=dialeípō]]

+ * [[ἐκλείπω|tr=ekleípō]]

+ * [[ἐλλείπω|tr=elleípō]]

+ * [[ἐπιλείπω|tr=epileípō]]

+ * [[καταλείπω|tr=kataleípō]]

+ * [[λιπόναυς|tr=lipónaus]]

+ * [[λιπόξυλος|tr=lipóxulos]]

+ * [[λιποπάτωρ|tr=lipopátōr]]

+ * [[λιποπνόη|tr=lipopnóē]]

+ * [[λιποστράτιον|tr=lipostrátion]]

+ * [[λιπότεκνος|tr=lipóteknos]]

+ * [[λίπουρος|tr=lípouros]]

+ * [[παραλείπω|tr=paraleípō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἄλειπτος|tr=áleiptos]]

+ * [[λεῖμμα|tr=leîmma]]

+ * [[λειπογνώμων|tr=leipognṓmōn]]

+ * [[λειπτέον|tr=leiptéon]]

+ * [[λείψανον|tr=leípsanon]]

+ * [[λεῖψις|tr=leîpsis]]

+ * [[λοιπός|tr=loipós]]

+ * [[ἔκλειψις|tr=ékleipsis]]

+ * [[ἔλλειψις|tr=élleipsis]]

+ * [[la|linquo]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}