escendo Latin · revision 31937

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *skend-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛsˈkɛn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eʃˈʃɛn.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''escendō''' (present infinitive escendere, perfect active escendī, supine escēnsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The spellings ''exscendō'' and ''excendō'' are also found, and an inscription has the perfect ''escidit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+ Manuscripts constantly confuse it with ''ascendō'' and ''dēscendō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|scandō|t2=to climb]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary explains the spelling with ⟨esc-⟩ for ⟨exsc-⟩ as a simplification of the cluster, as in [[m|la|sescentī|t=six hundred]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|scandō]] to [[itc-pro|*skand-e/o-|t=to ascend]] and an aorist [[ine-pro|*skend-|t=to jump up, ascend]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|स्कन्दति|tr=skándati|t=leaps, springs]] and [[sga|sceinnid|t=jumps]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first examples in the OLD are in Plautus, of climbing up from a deep well to the top and of getting up into a chariot.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to go up to a higher place, ascend, and especially to get up on a platform, a vehicle or a ship, as Terence's “he went on board”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short call it rare but classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro uses it of water rising to a given depth, and an inscription of a child “rising three”.^(OLD 2012) Festus has it in the opposite sense, to get down out of a chariot.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of climbing out of a well and into a chariot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of boarding a ship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of water rising.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To go up, [[m|en|ascend]], [[m|en|mount]]; to get up on a platform, vehicle or ship.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of water, to rise.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of age, to advance towards.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To climb out of a vehicle.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[escēnsiō]]

+ * [[escēnsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[scando|alt=scandō]]

+ * [[ascendo|alt=ascendō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''[[scando|alt=scandere]]'', to climb a steep height with effort, from ''[[ascendo|alt=adscendere]]'', simply to go up, and ''escendere'', to mount a fortified height or one that brings distinction, such as the rostra;^(Döderlein 1874) ''[[conscendo|alt=conscendere]]'' is to mount with others, as a ship.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}