clientela Latin · revision 31926

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *ḱli-ent-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kli.ɛnˈteː.ɫa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kli.enˈtɛː.la]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''clientēla''' ''f'' (genitive clientēlae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''clientella'' is found in a manuscript of Terence and in glosses.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|cliēns|-ēla|t1=client, dependant]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|cliēns]] to [[itc-pro|*klient-|t=who supports, who depends]] and [[ine-pro|*ḱli-ent-|t=who leans]], originally an active participle of a root aorist “to lean”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|श्रयते|tr=śrayate|t=leans]] and [[lt|šlíeti|t=to lean]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first example in the OLD is in Terence, where Thais puts herself under someone's clientship and protection.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the relation of client to patron, clientship, which Lewis & Short describe as the reciprocal duties between a Roman of lower rank and his patron.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also the relation of a provincial town or foreign people to its Roman patron, as in Cicero's ''Verrines'', and dependency on a foreign chief or tribe, as Caesar's Carnutes, clients of the Remi.^(OLD 2012) Concretely it is the body of a person's clients, and in Caesar the vassals of a Gaulish people such as the Aedui.^(OLD 2012) Seneca uses it figuratively for protection or guardianship.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In medieval Latin it is vassalage, the body of a lord's vassals, and the body of his ''ministeriales''.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''clientele'' (1560s) came from it through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of putting oneself under protection.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the clients of a Roman patron.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of Gaulish dependencies.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1560s – English [[m|en|clientele]] through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|clientship|alt=Clientship]], the relation of client to [[m|en|patron]]; dependency on a foreign people.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The body of clients;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''(plural)'' clients, dependants, vassals.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Protection, guardianship.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|vassalage|alt=Vassalage]]; the body of a lord's vassals.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cliens|alt=cliēns]]

+ * [[patrocinium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}