ὁρίζω Ancient Greek · revision 3192

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=6th–5th century BC, Aeschylus|origins=grc ὅρος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /ho.ríz.dɔː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /oˈri.zo/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /oˈri.zo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ὁρίζω''' (horízō) ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[ὅρος|tr=hóros|t=boundary, limit]] with the verbal suffix [[m|grc|-ίζω|tr=-ízō]].^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010) Ionic has ⟨οὐρίζω⟩, from Ionic ⟨οὖρος⟩.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ Ὅρος goes back to ⟨*ϝόρϝος⟩, as Mycenaean ⟨wo-wo⟩ shows, and may be the same formation as [[la|urvum|t=curved part of a plough]], with [[la|urvāre|t=to mark out a boundary with a furrow]]; within Greek it is probably related to [[ἐρύω|tr=erúō|t=to draw]].^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ BDAG lists Aeschylus as the first to use it.^(BDAG 2000) Herodotus has the Ionic form for a river or lake that divides one land from another, as the Nile separates Asia from Libya.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is to form a boundary, or to mark or fix the boundaries of a country.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940) From this it came to mean to separate, to limit or restrict, to determine or decide, and in philosophy to define: Plato and Aristotle use it for defining a concept.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010) Astronomers called the circle that divides the visible from the invisible hemisphere ''ὁρίζων κύκλος'', the source of English ''horizon''.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ In the Septuagint it means to mark out a boundary and to ordain, and the New Testament uses it for determining and appointing.^(Lust 2003)^(BDAG 2000) Its derivatives include [[ὁρισμός|tr=horismós|t=definition]] and [[ἀόριστος|tr=aóristos|t=undefined, aorist]].^(Wiktionary)^(Beekes 2010) Modern Greek [[m|el|ορίζω|tr=orízo]] means to define, to fix a date or price, and to appoint.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Aeschylus uses it.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses ''οὐρίζω'' for a river or lake that forms a border.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ * 4th century BC – Aristotle uses it for defining a term.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010)

+ * Hellenistic period – Astronomers name the horizon ''ὁρίζων κύκλος''.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 1st century AD – The New Testament uses it for appointing.^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To form a [[m|en|boundary]]; to divide or separate one land from another.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+ # To mark out, fix the boundaries of a place.^(CGL 2021)^(Lust 2003)

+ # To separate; to limit, restrict.^(CGL 2021)

+ # To determine, decide; to ordain, [[m|en|appoint]].^(CGL 2021)^(BDAG 2000)

+ # To [[m|en|define]]; to distinguish.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἀφορίζω|tr=aphorízō]]

+ * [[διορίζω|tr=diorízō]]

+ * [[ἐξορίζω|tr=exorízō]]

+ * [[προορίζω|tr=proorízō]]

+ * [[προσορίζω|tr=prosorízō]]

+ * [[ὑπερορίζω|tr=huperorízō]]

+ * [[παρορίζω|tr=parorízō]]

+ * [[συνορίζω|tr=sunorízō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἀόριστος|tr=aóristos]]

+ * [[ὁρίζων|tr=horízōn]]

+ * [[ὅρισμα|tr=hórisma]]

+ * [[ὁρισμός|tr=horismós]]

+ * [[ὁριστής|tr=horistḗs]]

+ * [[ὁριστικός|tr=horistikós]]

+ * [[ὁριστός|tr=horistós]]

+ * [[ὡρισμένως|tr=hōrisménōs]]

+ * [[ὅρος|tr=hóros]]

+ * [[ἀφορισμός|tr=aphorismós]]

+ * [[en|horizon]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}